云南牛栏江德泽-李子箐段岩溶发育特征及成因分析     

孙顺新 《中国煤炭地质》2011,(10):39-42

云南牛栏江德泽-李子箐段岩溶发育,主要类型为岩溶塌陷和溶洞（暗河）。在研究区内现有地质资料及调查成果的基础上,总结了研究区岩溶发育的基本特征：空间上分布广、密度大,个体规模大,各类岩溶类型相互连通。系统地分析了研究区岩溶作用的成因,主要为：①区内的降雨量较大,为岩溶的发育提供了丰富的水源;②研究区西北部的车乌-鲁冲大断裂,控制着区内总体构造形态,并造成了北东向与南东向等多组节理裂隙的发育,为岩溶水的流通创造了条件;③广泛分布的可溶性岩石,为岩溶的发育提供了物质条件,有利于岩溶作用的发生。  相似文献   

鄂西地区一个含早期人类和巨猿化石的新地层单位--高坪组   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

程捷  高振纪  郑绍华  张兆群  刘丽萍  冯晓波  王晓宁 《地层学杂志》2004,28(3):223-229

着重论述了鄂西建始高坪龙骨洞的堆积 ,并建立了一个新的岩石地层单位——高坪组。高坪组为一套水动力条件较弱的暗河沉积 ,岩性为黏土、亚黏土、砂质黏土 ,含巨猿化石 ,属早更新世早期 ,可与柳城巨猿洞堆积、周口店第 18地点、元谋组下部对比。龙骨洞的地层时代早于 1.93Ma  相似文献   

Water isotopic variability in Mallorca: a path to understanding past changes in hydroclimate          下载免费PDF全文

Oana A. Dumitru  Ferenc L. Forray  Joan J. Fornós  Vasile Ersek  Bogdan P. Onac 《水文研究》2017,31(1):104-116

This paper reports the first results on δ¹⁸O and δ²H analysis of precipitations, cave drip waters, and groundwaters from sites in Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean), a key region for paleoclimate studies. Understanding the isotopic variability and the sources of moisture in modern climate systems is required to develop speleothem isotope‐based climate reconstructions. The stable isotopic composition of precipitation was analysed in samples collected between March 2012 and March 2013. The values are in the range reported by GNIP Palma station. Based on these results, the local meteoric water line (LMWL) δ²H = 7.9 (±0.3) δ¹⁸O + 10.8 (±2.5) was derived, with slightly lower slope than Global Meteoric Water Line. The results help tracking two main sources of air masses affecting the study sites: rain events with the highest δ¹⁸O values (> ?5‰) originate over the Mediterranean Sea, whereas the more depleted samples (< ?8‰) are sourced in the North Atlantic region. The back trajectory analysis and deuterium excess values, ranging from 0.4 to 18.4‰, further support our findings. To assess the isotopic variation across the island, water samples from eight caves were collected. The δ¹⁸O values range between ?6.9 and ?1.6‰. With one exception (Artà), the isotopic composition of waters in caves located along the coast (Drac, Vallgornera, Cala Varques, Tancada, and Son Sant Martí) indicates Mediterranean‐sourced moisture masses. By contrast, the drip water δ¹⁸O values for inland caves (Campanet, ses Rates Pinyades) or developed under a thick (>50 m) limestone cap (Artà) exhibit more negative values. A well‐homogenized aquifer supplied by rainwaters of both origins is clearly indicated by groundwater δ¹⁸O values, which show to be within 2.4‰ of the unweighted arithmetic mean of ?7.4‰. Although limited, the isotopic data presented here constitute the baseline for future studies using speleothem δ¹⁸O records for western Mediterranean paleoclimate reconstructions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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蒋玲霞  孙伶俐  李明  罗俊秋  戴苗 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(3):39-42

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Seismotectonic versus man-induced morphological changes in a cave on the Arrábida chain (Portugal)     

José António Crispim 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(3-4):135-142

Abstract

Distinctions between cave morphologies originating from seismic or active tectonics and those generated by natural clastic breakdown or by human activity must be made using unambiguous interpretative criteria.

Easily accessible caves in particular, which may have been visited for centuries or millennia, or caves located near engineering works or quarries using great quantities of explosives, may have broken speleothems, breakdowns or detachment joints unrelated to seismic events or tectonic movements.

Zambujal cave lies near neotectonic and seismic structures associated with a Plio-Quatemary 200 m uplift of the Arrábida chain and has suffered impacts resulting from quarrying, followed by possible vandalism. It is thus an example for which it is difficult to decipher morphological agents as there is the possibility that identical forms have been generated by several causes, which may have repeated at different episodes of its evolution. However, a careful morphological interpretation makes it possible to accept the existence of two seismic episodes, an “ancient” one and a “modern” one. The detection of other episodes between these is only possible using absolute dating. © Elsevier, Paris  相似文献   

Tectonics of the Western Carpathians in the light of recent studies     

《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(1-3):1-2

During an annual cycle the affect of microclimatic changes (of natural and anthropogenic origin) on the geochemical characteristics of seepage water and mineral precipitation rates was analyzed for two karstic caves which contrast in environmental stability and energy exchange with exterior. On the one hand, Castañar cave (Caceres, Spain) is an extremely controlled show cave with limited visitation showing a minimum exchange rate of energy with the external atmosphere and, secondly, Canelobre cave (Alicante, Spain), is a widely visited cave where the anthropogenic impact generates rapid and high-energy environmental changes. Mineral saturation state of seepage water of both caves is controlled by microclimatic variations, such as: 1) natural underground air renewal through the porous system of the upper soil and the network of host-rock fissures, or elso through the cave entrance, 2) cumulative disruptions in the pCO2 levels of cave air due to the presence of visitors, and 3) forced ventilation of the subterranean atmosphere due to the uncontrolled opening of cave entrances. The obtained results reinforce the significance of the microclimatic fluctuations on short time scales in the dynamics of the subterranean karst systems, in terms of rates of mineral precipitation and growth of speleothems, as well as their key role for cave conservation.  相似文献   

岩溶石山区山坡表层径流水文动态特征对比分析——以桂林丫吉试验场为例   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈国富  姜光辉  周文亮  王开然 《水文》2013,33(5):58-63

选择桂林丫吉试验场溶洞—硝岩洞及其上方的汇水坡面作为研究区,通过在不同降雨条件下,对坡面径流和硝盐洞中流水水文动态进行监测并做对比分析研究。结果表明:（1）降雨强度、降雨持续时间和各含水系统前期含水情况决定了岩溶石山区坡面地表和包气带水文动态变化过程;（2）在不同降雨条件下,地表坡面流和经过上部包气带调蓄过的硝盐洞水文动态都表现为暴涨暴落,坡面径流表现的更为明显,一般坡面径流的整个水文过程持续几个小时到十几个小时,而硝盐洞中流水水文过程持续13d;（3）一般大到暴雨条件下,坡面流最大流量大于硝盐洞,但由于持续时间短,其一场降雨后所获得的水量远不如下渗到包气带—硝盐洞中滴水水量。  相似文献   

Stable Carbon Isotope Variations in Cave Percolation Waters and their Implications in Four Caves of Guizhou, China     

LUO Weijun  WANG Shijie  XIE Xingneng  ZHOU Yunchao  LI Tingyu 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(5):1396-1411

Monitoring and sampling of main plants,soil CO2,soil water,bedrock,spring water,drip water and its corresponding speleothem were performed at four cave systems of Guizhou,Southwest China,from April 2003 to May 2004,in order to understand stable carbon isotope ratios variations of dissolved inorganic Carbon(DIC) in cave percolation waters(δ13CDIC) and their implications for paleoclimate.Stable carbon isotopic compositions and ions(Ca,Mg,Sr,SO4,Cl etc.) were measured for all samples.The results indicate that there are significant differences among the δ13CDIC values from inter-cave,even inter-drip of intra-cave in the four caves.The δ13CDIC values from the Liangfeng Cave(LFC) is lightest among the four caves,where vegetation type overlying the cave is primary forest dominated by tall trees with lighter average δ13C value(–29.9‰).And there are remarkable differences in δ13CDIC values of different drip waters in the Qixing Cave(QXC) and Jiangjun Cave(JJC),up to 6.9‰ and 7.8‰,respectively.Further analyses show that the δ13CDIC values in cave drip waters are not only controlled by vegetation biomass overlying the cave,but also hydro-geochemical processes.Therefore,accurate interpreting of δ13C recorded in speleothems cannot be guaranteed if these effects of the above mentioned factors are not taken into consideration.  相似文献   

Discussion on the article ‘Coastal and inland karst morphologies driven by sea level stands: a GIS based method for their evaluation' by Canora F,Fidelibus D and Spilotro G     

Jo De Waele  Mario Parise 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(8):902-907

Comments are presented on the article by Canora et al. (2012) dealing with karst morphologies driven by sea level stands in the Murge plateau of Apulia, southern Italy. Our comments start from cave levels, that are considered in the cited article as a proof of sea level stands. We argue that the presence of sub‐horizontal passages in cave systems is not a sufficient condition for correlating them with hypothetical past sea level stands. Such a correlation must be based upon identification of speleogenetic features within the karst systems, and/or geological field data. The problems encountered when using cave surveys for scientific research, and their low reliability (especially in the case of old surveys) are then treated, since they represent a crucial point in the paper object of this discussion. Eventually, we present some final consideration on cave levels and terraces, and on the specific case study, pointing out once again to the need in including geological field data to correctly find a correspondance between flat landforms and sea level fluctuations. Our main conclusion is that field data and information on speleogenesis of the underground karst landforms cannot be disregarded in a study that claims to deal with the influence of sea‐level changes on caves. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Speleogenesis of an exhumed hydrothermal sulphuric acid karst in Cambrian carbonates (Mount San Giovanni,Sardinia)     

Jo De Waele  Paolo Forti  Angelo Naseddu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(12):1369-1379

In the past few years the systematic study of caves intercepted by mine workings in southwest Sardinia has permitted us to observe morphologies due to rare speleogenetic and minerogenetic processes related to ancient hydrothermal activity. These relic morphologies are slowly being overprinted by recent speleogenetic processes that tend to obscure the hypogene origin of these caves. A combined geomorphological and mineralogical investigation has permitted a fairly detailed reconstruction of the various phases of evolution of these caves. Cave formation had already started in Cambrian times, but culminated in the Carboniferous, when most of the large voids still accessible today were formed. A key role in carbonate dissolution was played by sulphuric acid formed by the oxidation of the polymetallic ores present in the rocks since the Cambrian. During the Quaternary a variety of minerals formed inside the caves: calcite and aragonite, that yielded sequences of palaeo‐environmental interest, and also barite, phosgenite, hydrozincite, hemimorphite and many others. These minerals are in part due to a phreatic thermal hypogenic cave forming phase, and in part to later epigene overprinting in an oxidizing environment rich in polymetallic ores. Massive gypsum deposits, elsewhere typical of this kind of caves, are entirely absent due to dissolution during both the phreatic cave formation and the later epigenic stage. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献